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WHO Selects NIBRT as Training Hub to Help LMICs Build Biopharma Capacity

Ireland’s National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT) will help biopharma engineers hone their automation and AI skills as part of a new World Health Organization (WHO) network.

The WHO named the University College Dublin-based organization as its newest training center, explaining it will provide engineers with context-specific skills courses aligned with “regional priorities, regulatory environments.”

NIBRT spokesman Killian O’Driscoll tells GEN, “Following a competitive application process, NIBRT has now been designated as the WHO Training Center for the European Region. NIBRT will work with partners and stakeholders to identify the skills gaps within the region and provide the appropriate training solutions, which will involve a blend of online, classroom, and practical training on biopharma manufacturing.”

Engineers who take part will be taught how to use advanced bioprocessing technologies in a variety of manufacturing settings, according to O’Driscoll, who says the plan is to use the organization’s syllabus as a foundation.

“Training will cover all aspects of biopharma manufacturing based on NIBRT’s award-winning curriculum, including drug substance, drug product, QC, engineering, digitalization, etc. Automation, digitalization, AI, and related areas are a core component of the NIBRT curriculum and will form part of the training solutions,” he adds.

LMIC capacity

The WHO established the Biomanufacturing Workforce Training Initiative in 2023 to address critical skills gaps across the biomanufacturing value chain and enable countries to translate technological advances into sustainable local production.

NIBRT is now one of seven institutions selected. The rest of the network consists of the Institut Pasteur de Dakar in Senegal, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Brazil, the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute in India, Egypt’s Center for Continuing Professional Development, and Peking University in China.

The initiative directly supports World Health Assembly resolution WHA74.6, which called on member states to strengthen local production of medicines and other health technologies to prepare for emergencies.

This will be a focus of NIBRT’s training activities, according to O’Driscoll.

“One of the key actions the WHO identified following the COVID-19 pandemic was to increase biopharma manufacturing capabilities within lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). The WHO’s Biomanufacturing Workforce Training Initiative addresses critical skills gaps in the biomanufacturing value chain to support sustainable local production of vaccines and biotherapeutics in LMICs,” he says.

In a press statement, director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, PhD, said, “We have designated regional training centers in each of WHO’s six regions to build the skilled workforce needed to sustain local production of vaccines and biologics. They will operate as part of a coordinated global network, delivering context-specific training aligned with regional priorities, regulatory environments, and languages.”

The post WHO Selects NIBRT as Training Hub to Help LMICs Build Biopharma Capacity appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.

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Europe’s extreme heat is shutting down power plants

Europe is in the middle of a record-breaking heat wave, and the grid is being pushed to its limits as people turn to fans and air-conditioning to try to stay cool. Some power plants won’t be online to help handle the load.

On June 23, France saw its hottest day since record-keeping began in 1947. Temperatures climbed to over 44 °C (111 °F), and overnight temperatures remained unusually high. This prolonged hot weather warmed up the water in some rivers across the country, a problem for the many nuclear plants that rely on those bodies of water for cooling. One reactor has already shut down, and others are being ramped down or will see limitations later in the week.

Unit two at the Golfech nuclear power plant in southern France shut down at about 11:45 p.m. on June 22 when the river used to cool the plant got too hot. The move was a precautionary measure, according to Brid Nelligan, a spokesperson for EDF, the plant’s owner and operator.

The power plant takes in water from the Garonne River and then returns most of it to the river at slightly higher temperatures after using it to cool equipment. French regulations limit the temperature of that return stream, so the warm water (it was expected to reach 28 °C, or around 82 °F) forced the operator to shut down the plant.

EDF, which operates France’s entire nuclear fleet, is also limiting the output of other reactors across the country—one reactor at the Nogent-sur-Seine power plant was ramped down as of Tuesday, and more will follow later in the week, Nelligan says.

Extreme heat has affected France’s nuclear industry before. At least seven gigawatts’ worth of nuclear energy was forced to shut down across the country during a heat wave in July 2025, according to data from Ember Energy. That’s more than the entire grid of Ireland. 

This time, power plant outages and limitations aren’t expected to be drastic enough to affect the ability to meet demand in France, according to RTE, operator of the national electric grid. 

Nuclear power has made most of the headlines during this heat wave, but other forms of electricity generation face similar challenges. Hydropower plants frequently run into problems when dry conditions lower the amount of water available to generate energy and force them to decrease or shut off operations. In the first five months of 2025, high temperatures and low water conditions cut hydropower supplies in Europe by 13% compared with the year before.

Even established coal and natural-gas plants can be challenged by high temperatures. Hot weather can stress equipment and limit the efficiency of cooling towers. Five gas plants across the UK have reported output reductions due to the conditions, cutting a total of about 2.5 gigawatts from the power supply. 

Increased demand, largely driven by cooling, is the main factor stressing Europe’s power grid, says Jean-Paul Harreman, director of Montel, an energy intelligence provider, via email. Even countries that haven’t historically relied much on cooling technologies are turning to them now—the number of UK homes that use air-conditioning has roughly doubled since 2022. 

Around the world, the challenges heat presents for the grid are only expected to get worse as climate change brings more frequent and intense heat waves. Globally, energy use for cooling is set to double by 2050 relative to 2023 levels, according to the International Energy Agency.

“Utilities can adapt by planning for summer peaks, making cooling demand more flexible, reinforcing grids for high temperatures, deploying batteries and demand response, and climate-proofing power plants’ cooling systems,” says Simone Tagliapietra, senior fellow at Bruegel, an economic and policy think tank, via email. 

But those changes could be expensive. Earlier this year, EDF shared a climate-change vulnerability assessment for its business, including nuclear and hydropower operations across France. Upgrades are expected to cost about €600 million per year (about $680 million) over the next 15 years. 

Meanwhile, high temperatures are expected to continue across much of Europe through the end of the week. 

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STAT+: A dispatch on AI from BIOtech’s big summer bash

You’re reading the web edition of STAT’s AI Prognosis newsletter, our subscriber-exclusive guide to artificial intelligence in health care and medicine. Sign up to get it delivered in your inbox every Wednesday. 

I’m writing to you from a hotel room in San Diego, four hours before this newsletter is scheduled to send.

I’m also still reeling from this absolutely crazy story my colleague Lizzy Lawrence wrote. Imagine STAT executive editor Rick Berke reading of the top of the story out loud to a group of STAT reporters over dinner at a waterfront restaurant, and my jaw dropping as I realize what’s going on.

Continue to STAT+ to read the full story…

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Medra Launches Reasoning Layer for Drug Discovery Robotics

As AI infrastructure for drug discovery continues to proliferate with reasoning workflows capable of generating hypotheses, candidate molecules, and experimental plans, Medra CEO Michelle Lee, PhD, argues that physical AI is the solution to addressing the next bottleneck: experimental validation at scale. 

“Building foundation models in biology that can predict and cure disease will take thousands of years of data generation,” Lee explained in an interview with GEN Edge. “The more I looked at the field, the more I realized that this data problem is actually a robotics problem.”   

In a new collaboration with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Medra has launched AI Experimentalist, the scientific reasoning layer of its robotics platform. The system translates high-level research goals expressed in natural language into executable workflows that span the entire experimental cycle, from literature review, wet-lab execution, data analysis, and protocol refinement. 

In a blog post, Medra presents an example where scientists prompt to “build an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) blocking antibody assay cascade.” AI Experimentalist can propose small optimizations in execution, including testing linear DNA templates in parallel, optimizing expression conditions, and feeding results immediately into the next run, for compounding time savings from days to hours. 

Partners can access AI Experimentalist through physical AI labs deployed on site at customer facilities or operated remotely through Medra’s flagship science laboratory, Medra Lab 001 (ML001), which unveiled in April and touts running experiments 24/7. Medra describes the 38,000 square foot facility as the largest autonomous lab in the United States. 

Artisanal nature 

In contrast to industrial automation, which has been powerful for repeatable tasks, such as combinatorial chemistry and screening, physical AI equips the same hardware with sensors to enable intelligent decision-making. 

While many robotics players in biology are focused on the manufacturing step, Medra has the ambitious goal of accelerating end-to-end drug discovery campaigns. 

“The artisanal nature of science is actually what makes certain experiments work and others fail,” said Lee. She noted that seemingly subtle variables, such as the angle of a pipette or the precise timing of mixing reagents, can have an outsized impact on experimental outcomes.  

Medra is currently working with partners across academia, biopharma, and government to run and develop assays across a wide array of applications, including antibody discovery, protein engineering, gene editing, and cell biology. 

Looking ahead, Lee says the bottleneck is not robotic capability, but integration and deployment. AI Experimentalist addresses this challenge through a multi-agent architecture and model-agnostic harness that allows Medra to incorporate new biological AI models and scientific agents. Among them are NVIDIA Nemotron models for protocol editing and optimization and the newly launched NVIDIA BioNeMo Agent Toolkit. 

“The flexibility of physical AI will be incredibly key in making scientific discovery truly autonomous,” asserts Lee. 

The post Medra Launches Reasoning Layer for Drug Discovery Robotics appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.

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Spotlight on RNA Therapeutics

REGISTER NOW



Image of Drew Weissman, MD, PhD

Drew Weissman, MD, PhD

Professor in Vaccine Research
Penn Medicine

Panelist

Image of Drew Weissman, MD, PhD

Drew Weissman, MD, PhD

Drew Weissman, MD, PhD, is a world-renowned physician and Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research at Penn Medicine. He is best known for his contributions to RNA biology and the development of COVID-19 RNA vaccines. Weissman and Katalin Karikó, PhD, were jointly awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discoveries that enabled the modified mRNA technology used in Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna’s vaccines to prevent COVID-19. More than 15 years ago, Weissman and Karikó found a way to modify mRNA and developed a delivery technique to package the mRNA in lipid nanoparticles. The COVID-19 RNA vaccine received FDA approval in August 2021.

Weissman is one of the academic leaders of the NSF AIRFoundry, an effort to leverage AI to improve, accelerate, and scale the design, manufacture, and delivery of RNA, which officially opened in April 2026. Weissman’s lab is currently working on a pan-coronavirus vaccine, a universal flu vaccine, and a vaccine to prevent herpes. They are working with Penn colleagues to develop cancer therapeutics with mRNA technology. And they are developing a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with Chulalongkorn University in Thailand to help residents of Thailand and other Asian countries access lifesaving vaccines.

Before joining Penn in 1997, Weissman was a fellow at the National Institutes of Health studying HIV in the lab of Anthony Fauci, MD. Weissman received his bachelor’s degree and master’s degree from Brandeis University. He earned his MD and PhD from Boston University and completed his residency at Beth Israel Hospital.



Image of Zachary Ives, PhD

Zachary Ives, PhD

Professor of Computer and Information Science
University of Pennsylvania

Panelist

Image of Zachary Ives, PhD

Zachary Ives, PhD

Zachary Ives, PhD, is the department chair and Adani President’s Distinguished Professor of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania. Zack’s research interests include data integration and sharing, data provenance and trustworthiness, and machine learning systems. He is a recipient of the National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER award, and an alumnus of the DARPA Computer Science Study Panel and Information Science and Technology advisory panel. He has also been awarded the Christian R. and Mary F. Lindback Foundation Award for Distinguished Teaching and an IEEE Technical Committee on Data Engineering Education Award, and he is a fellow of the ACM.

 

Zack is one of the academic leaders of the U.S. NSF Artificial Intelligence-driven RNA BioFoundry (NSF AIRFoundry), an $18-million effort to leverage AI to improve, accelerate, and scale the design, manufacture, and delivery of RNA. The center officially opened in April 2026.

Zack studied computer science at Sonoma State University and holds a PhD in computer science from the University of Washington. He joined the faculty of Penn in 2003. He is a co-author of the textbook Principles of Data Integration. He has been an associate editor for the Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment and The VLDB Journal.



Image of Silvi Rouskin, PhD

Silvi Rouskin, PhD

Asst. Professor of Microbiologyy
Harvard Medical School

Panelist

Image of Silvi Rouskin, PhD

Silvi Rouskin, PhD

Born in Bulgaria, Silvi Rouskin, PhD, is an assistant professor of microbiology at Harvard Medical School. She is the winner of the 2021 Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science. Following a six-year spell at the Whitehead Institute, where she was the Andria and Paul Heafy Whitehead Fellow, Silvi joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School in 2021.

Silvi’s Harvard lab studies alternative RNA structures and the myriad roles they have in both viral and human biology. In particular, the lab studies how RNA folding informs alternative splicing and how misfolding can lead to disease. The lab developed DMS-MaPseq (dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling with sequencing) and DREEM (Detection-of-RNA-folding-Ensembles-using-Expectation-Maximization) algorithm to distinguish multiple RNA conformations formed by the same underlying sequence in vivo at single nucleotide resolution.

Silvi immigrated to the United States as a teenager to pursue a career in science. She holds a degree in physics from Florida Institute of Technology and a PhD in biochemistry and molecular biology from the University of California, San Francisco. Her interest in RNA began while working as a staff research associate in the lab of Joseph DeRisi, PhD, at UCSF, where she began developing techniques for the detection of viruses associated with human disease.



Broadcast Date: 

  • Time: 

In anticipation of RNA Day (on August 1), GEN invites you to join our exciting Spotlight virtual event on RNA Therapeutics on Wednesday, July 29.

We are living in a “post-genomic” world where RNA is no longer just a messenger but a programmable drug and molecular therapeutic. From the global impact of mRNA vaccines to advances in RNA editing and the potential of circular RNA, the field of RNA therapeutics is truly taking off. RNA is rapidly becoming a universal software for precision medicine.

Over 2.5 hours, this GENSpotlight on RNA Therapeutics brings you three interlinked sessions that feature outstanding researchers exploring various aspects of RNA biology and therapeutics, including:

  • A keynote panel including two founding members of the AIRFoundry (Artificial Intelligence-driven RNA BioFoundry) at the University of Pennsylvania—Zachary Ives, PhD, and Nobel laureate Drew Weissman, MD, PhD

  • A talk from Silvi Rouskin, PhD, a leading microbiologist at Harvard Medical School, presenting new research on alternative RNA structures and their relevance in health and disease

  • Presentations from our two sponsors, 4basebio and Aldevron

  • Registration to our Spotlight on RNA Therapeutics is entirely free. We look forward to celebrating RNA Day with you (a few days early).

Produced with support from:

4basebio logo

Aldevron Logo

The post Spotlight on RNA Therapeutics appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.

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The Download: introducing the Engineering issue

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.

Introducing: the Engineering issue

We can’t fix everything, but we can be ambitious. We can take on the challenge of making the world better through human ingenuity. That’s what the new Engineering issue of MIT Technology Review is all about. 

Sometimes the challenges we face are giant, like tunneling beneath the seafloor. Some exist at the nanoscale, as with a new ASML machine powering the future of chipmaking. Others represent problems at a planetary scale and in truly unknown territory, like replicating a volcano’s mechanism to cool the Earth on purpose.

These incredible engineering stories show we can come together to get to work and, when the smoke clears, find we’ve made real progress. Subscribe now to read all of them—and more—in the full print issue.

Stripe, Anthropic, and OpenAI are backing an effort to stop respiratory infections

The common cold comes for us all—often more than once a year. And there is no way to prevent it. The best you can do is take vitamin C and stay away from people with the sniffles.

Now, the payment company Stripe is funding a new $500-million nonprofit aiming to prevent both the common cold and the flu. Its eventual goal is to get rid of respiratory viruses altogether.

Anthropic, OpenAI, and Bill Gates have also backed the venture, which will investigate whether modern technologies can counter the common cold and the flu. Dive into the nonprofit’s plans.

—Antonio Regalado

MIT Technology Review Narrated: inside the hunt for the most dangerous asteroid ever

As asteroid 2024 YR4 hurtled toward Earth, astronomers determined that this massive rock posed a higher risk of impact than any object of its size in recorded history. Then, just as quickly as history was made, experts declared that the danger had passed. 

This is the inside story of the network of global scientists who found, followed, planned for, and finally dismissed the most dangerous asteroid ever discovered —all under the tightest of timelines and with the highest of stakes.

—Robin George Andrews

This is our latest story to be turned into an MIT Technology Review Narrated podcast, which we publish each week on Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Just navigate to MIT Technology Review Narrated on either platform, and follow us to get all our new content as it’s released.

The must-reads

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.

1 China has taken the US’s crown for the world’s fastest supercomputer 
Shenzhen’s LineShine overtook California’s El Capitan. (Axios)
+ China had not had a machine at the top of the list since 2017. (NYT $)
+ But the supercomputer race isn’t geared for AI work. (Reuters $)

2 Mythos reportedly found flaws in classified US government systems
A US official said Anthropic’s model identified certain vulnerabilities. (AP News)
+ The model has now been suspended over US security concerns. (BBC)
+ The NSA has lost access to Anthropic’s tools in fallout. (Engadget)
+ The feud raises new questions about AI safety. (MIT Technology Review) 

3 A US pilot reported seeing Iranian drones swarm in “jellyfish” formation
Which would represent an alarming advance in Iranian drone capabilities. (CNN)
+ The US is heading toward a drone-filled future. (MIT Technology Review)

4 Mark Zuckerberg directed Meta to create a prediction markets app
It will be similar to Polymarket and Kalshi. (NYT $)
+ But won’t let users wager real money. (The Verge) 
+ Another new app, Meta Photos, will create media with AI. (Reuters $)

5 SpaceX’s “Starfall” just launched a secretive test flight
The orbital delivery spacecraft blasted off for the first time yesterday. (Axios)
+ It could also support space manufacturing. (New Scientist $)

6 Alibaba has sued the US for being linked to the Chinese military
It wants to be removed from a Pentagon blacklist. (Reuters $)

7 Nvidia’s banned AI chips have doubled in price on China’s black market
The DGX B300 now costs more than $1.1 million. (Financial Times $)

8 Tesla claims a driver “manually overrode self-driving” in a deadly crash
It said the accelerator was pressed “all the way to 100%.” (The Verge $)

9 The US science retreat has created an opportunity for Europe
But questions about funding and innovation remain. (Nature)
+ Trump has dealt many blows to US science. (MIT Technology Review)

10 Meta’s new smart glasses ditch Ray-Bans for Kylie Jenner 
Meta logos and Jenner designs have replaced the Ray-Ban branding. (Wired $)

Quote of the day

“It’s blasphemy against AI if ‌you say it’s a bubble.”

—SoftBank founder and CEO Masayoshi Son tells shareholders that the AI boom is still in its early stages, Reuters reports.

One More Thing

ERIK CARTER


Video games are dividing South Korea

They say StarCraft was the game that changed everything. When the science fiction strategy game arrived in South Korea in 1998, it wasn’t just a hit—it was an awakening.

Out of 11 million copies sold worldwide, 4.5 million were in the country. The game was so popular that it triggered another boom: “PC bangs,” pay-as-you-go gaming cafés.

StarCraft and PC bangs spoke to a generation of young South Koreans boxed in by economic anxiety and rising academic pressures. But they also sparked arguments about game addiction. They’ve led to feuds between government departments—and a national debate over policy.

Read the full story.

—Max S. Kim

We can still have nice things

A place for comfort, fun, and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.)

+ This archive lovingly documents the beautiful design of over 1,700 obsolete objects.
+ Classic TV theme tunes like Hey Arnold! Have been revived in a musician’s marvellous samples.
+ Marvel at the mind-boggling geometry of nature and see how bees perfectly construct honeycombs.
+ Hear the ominous, deeply atmospheric tones of a custom string instrument built inside a plastic drainage pipe.

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Hedgehog signaling enhances the Schwann-like and nerve repair-supportive properties of ectomesenchymal stem cells

IntroductionPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) is characterized by limited regenerative capacity and incomplete functional recovery. Schwann cells (SCs) are essential for nerve repair, but their clinical application is constrained by limited availability. Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), derived from neural crest lineage, represent a promising alternative; however, their inefficient differentiation into SC-like cells remains a key limitation. This study investigated whether activation of Hedgehog signaling via Sonic hedgehog (Shh) could enhance SC-like differentiation and improve nerve regeneration.MethodsEMSCs were isolated from rat nasal mucosa and transduced with adenoviral vectors to overexpress Shh. SC-like differentiation was assessed using RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Transcriptomic analysis compared EMSCs with primary SCs. A short-gap rat sciatic nerve defect model was established as an initial proof-of-concept in vivo model, and animals received vehicle, EMSCs, Shh-EMSCs, or autograft treatment. Functional recovery, electrophysiology, histology, and ultrastructural analyses were performed.ResultsTranscriptomic analysis revealed that EMSCs possess a partial SC-related transcriptional profile but lack sufficient Hedgehog activation. Shh overexpression activated canonical Hedgehog signaling, evidenced by increased Gli1/2 expression and nuclear translocation. Shh-EMSCs showed enhanced expression of SCs markers (P75, GFAP, MBP, S100β), increased secretion of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NT-3), and reduced inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, Shh-EMSCs significantly improved functional recovery, nerve conduction velocity, and gait performance compared with EMSCs alone. Histological and ultrastructural analyses demonstrated increased axonal regeneration, improved organization, and enhanced myelination compared with unmodified EMSCs, although autograft repair remained superior or more complete in several outcome measures.ConclusionHedgehog signaling contributes to SC-like differentiation of EMSCs. Shh-mediated activation promotes a pro-regenerative phenotype and enhances nerve repair-related outcomes in a short-gap sciatic nerve defect model, suggesting that Shh-EMSCs may serve as a potential cell-based strategy for peripheral nerve repair.
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Microglia derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are regulated by osteopontin, an endogenous extracellular matrix protein maintaining immune homeostasis

IntroductionMicroglia are brain-resident immune cells responsible for maintaining homeostasis, coordinating responses to injury and disease, and mediating regeneration. Upon activation, they undergo dynamic changes in morphology, gene expression, and function, reflecting the nature and context of the stimuli encountered. Although pharmacological modulation of microglia holds great promise for treating various neurological disorders, its development is hampered by a major translational roadblock: Human microglial cell lines commonly used in preclinical studies, as well as primary rodent microglia, substantially limit the translatability of results. Here, we aimed to generate microglia from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and to demonstrate their physiological responsiveness to the brain-endogenous, context-relevant ligand osteopontin (OPN).Materials and methodsMicroglia generated from two healthy hiPSC lines were stimulated with OPN, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or their combination for 24 h and subsequently analyzed. Microglial identity and the expression of the phagocytic cell marker cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) were determined by immunocytochemistry. Cell viability was assessed by propidium iodide (PI)/Hoechst staining, morphological activation was evaluated using Sholl analysis, and inflammatory gene expression changes were assessed by RT-qPCR.ResultshiPSC-derived microglia acquired a native central nervous system (CNS)-specific immunophenotype, expressing the microglia-specific markers ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119), PU.1, and Spalt-like transcription factor 1 (SALL1), while remaining negative for Myb and membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 7 (MS4A7) at the protein level. Exposure to LPS led hiPSC-derived microglia to adopt a rounded, process-retracted shape and to increase CD68 protein intensity, a surrogate marker of lysosomal and phagocytic activity, while downregulating the anti-inflammatory marker cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206) at the transcriptional level. OPN induced a distinct microglial functional state characterized by intermediate morphology, increased CD68 intensity, and reduced homeostatic gene expression, without eliciting robust inflammatory gene expression. Intriguingly, OPN prevented LPS-induced microglial cell death, and when hiPSC-derived microglia exposed to LPS were additionally treated with OPN, the morphological effects of LPS were reversed.ConclusionOPN induced a distinct early response profile in hiPSC-derived microglia, characterized by intermediate morphological remodeling, increased CD68 intensity, and reduced homeostatic gene expression, without overt pro-inflammatory gene expression. These findings support the role of OPN as a physiological priming signal in microglia and highlight hiPSC-derived microglia as a model for studying regulators of microglial modulation.
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Enhancing hematoma expansion prediction in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage based on habitat and perihematomal edema radiomics from non-contrast CT: a dual-center study

ObjectivesCharacterizing the microenvironmental habitats within the hematoma may yield crucial imaging biomarkers and improve the early prediction of hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). Our objective was to construct and validate a combined model that integrates clinical data with whole-hematoma radiomics, habitat radiomics of the hematoma, and perihematomal edema (PHE) radiomics features extracted from non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) images for preoperative HE prediction.MethodsThis retrospective dual-center cohort of 353 HICH patients. Based on baseline NCCT images, radiomics features were extracted from the whole hematoma, three distinct habitats within the hematoma, and the PHE region. Five models were constructed: a clinical model, a whole-hematoma radiomics model, a habitat-based radiomics model, a PHE radiomics model, and a combined model. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe combined model integrated with smoking history, island sign, maximum distance of the PHE, and the whole-hematoma, habitat, and PHE radiomics models, achieved the best predictive performance. In the training, testing, and validation sets, the combined model predicted the area under the curve for HE as 0.951 (95% CI: 0.915–0.986), 0.937 (95% CI: 0.883–0.991), and 0.939 (95% CI: 0.888–0.989), respectively.ConclusionThe NCCT-based combined model integrating clinical data, whole-hematoma radiomics, habitat radiomics, and PHE radiomics improves HE prediction in patients with HICH, providing a noninvasive tool with potential for guiding treatment strategies.