Focused ultrasound (FUS) was explored for neurological indications more than half a century ago, but only recent technological advances have enabled its practical transcranial use for movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. FUS can produce stereotactic thermal lesions via focused ultrasound ablation (FUSA), while non-thermal lesioning (e.g., FUS histotripsy) and non-ablative approaches such as neuromodulation and blood-brain barrier opening are under active clinical investigation. FUSA is FDA-approved for essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease, and is now being evaluated for additional syndromes, including epilepsy, dystonia, and treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders.
Radically different