Since the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in 1978, the options for couples or individuals struggling with infertility have improved exponentially. However, the core methods that make up this process are still fairly crude and associated with significant discomfort and side effects. This is something that reproductive endocrinologist Marie-Christine Maurel, PhD, chief scientific officer (CSO) and founder of Igyxos Biotherapeutics, is hoping to improve with the company’s first‑in‑class antibody treatment for infertility.
The antibody treatment—IGX12—amplifies the body’s own follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signal in both women and men, potentially improving production of both sperm and eggs with fewer injections than IVF and more physiological control.
Maurel has a doctorate in reproductive physiology from Pierre & Marie Curie University in Paris and worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. The idea for the infertility treatment, which achieved promising Phase I results at the end of last year, originated from work at Maurel’s first biotech firm ReproPharm, which she co-founded in 2009 after winning a French “national competition for the creation of innovative companies.”
Maurel previously worked at the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA) near Paris for more than 25 years. Her group studied how gonadotropins affect fertility in animals and developed monoclonal antibodies that impact the activity of these reproductive hormones. ReproPharm initially used this research to improve fertility in farm animals, but when the team realized the same ideas could be applied to human infertility, the initial company was split into ReproPharm Vet and Igyxos in 2017 to focus on animal and human fertility problems, respectively. Alongside serving as CSO at Igyxos, Maurel remains president and CEO of ReproPharm Vet.
Maurel discussed her inspirations, research, and motivations for founding both companies with Inside Precision Medicine’s senior editor, Helen Albert, and outlined why Igyxos’s antibody could be so important if it achieves market authorization.
Q: What inspired you to become a scientist?
Maurel: When I was younger, I was passionate about science, and biology in particular. In my teens, I hesitated between choosing to study medicine or biological research. Finally, I chose biological research, but remained very interested in biomedicine. Currently, I mix both topics because we are developing a new medicine to treat infertility problems in humans, so it’s a mix of research and medicine. I still enjoy scientific research, so I don’t regret my decision.
Q: You worked in academia for a long time before you decided to make the move into industry. What inspired you to do that?
Maurel: In nature, there are lots of things that occur. You just have to discover them and know how to ask the right questions to understand how they work. Penicillin is an extraordinary example. And here it’s the same thing. We were doing experiments with sheep and goats. When we discovered that the ewes or does that secreted potentiating antibodies were hyper prolific and had high numbers of offspring, we wondered why. Normally, antibodies block the activity of a hormone and never enhance it. But in this case, we discovered that these particular antibodies were able to potentiate the activity of reproductive hormones. It was a marvelous result because it meant [that] it was possible to avoid the use of hormone treatment in animals. When my team and I discovered the existence of these potentiating antibodies, I quickly assessed their potential for application in both human and animal health. I wanted to develop and translate the research. The fact that there are potentiating antibodies for FSH is extraordinary, because antibodies are normally always inhibitory. I wanted to develop a potentiating antibody so we could have much more effective treatments for infertility. I also won a national competition for the creation of innovative companies, which helped with founding ReproPharm. It was a wonderful adventure to create a new biotech with our innovation.
Q: What did you learn from the experience of founding ReproPharm?
Maurel: I learned a lot of things. It was a human experience. I met a lot of people in medicine and industry who were very important for the development of the company and myself as well. These people helped me to build and to progress the company. Building a good network was important for me when I went into industry. I would also advise this for young people who want to create a biotech company. Meeting good people helps enormously!
Q: What made you decide to split ReproPharm into the two spinout companies, ReproPharm Vet and Igyxos Biotherapeutics?
Maurel: My research group was based at INRA initially. It’s a French academic research center focused on animal reproduction. We started with an animal reproduction problem linked to breeding ovine and caprine species, but early on, we tried our innovation on human hormones because we thought it could be an excellent approach to treat infertility problems in women. We developed an antibody against human FSH to see if we could enhance the activity of human FSH and in animal species. We got some money to carry out the first experiments and had very good results. We then decided to develop this innovation in human health, but needed more funds to develop it further. All our existing investors told us that they were unwilling to take the risk of investing in a company developing both veterinary and human medicine. It was impossible for them because it was not separated, so we decided to split the first company into two independent companies in 2017.
Q: Did any of your experiences at ReproPharm help you to do things better at Igyxos?
Maurel: First, I can say that at Igyxos, from the experience with ReproPharm, I wanted to do as much research and development on IGX12 as possible using our own funds, and license the therapy as late as possible because that gives us more freedom to develop it as we want to. I think it is necessary to be independent as long as possible for this reason.
Also, during the founding and development of ReproPharm, we developed a lot of animal models, which are very useful now to develop IGX12 for treating human infertility, both in men and women. So it was a very strong basis for Igyxos. All these animal models we developed at ReproPharm were important for developing IGX12 and getting it to clinical trials.
Q: Can you tell me a bit more about what you’re trying to achieve at Igyxos?
Maurel: FSH is exactly the same hormone in men and women. It has different target cells, but the molecule is the same. So one potentiating antibody could act on FSH either in men or women. It’s exactly the same mechanism of action, so we can develop the first treatment in men with oligozoospermia, for example.
We also want to develop a new and innovative treatment for women with infertility, which could be more efficient than current treatments that are burdensome and costly. Now it’s necessary to repeat the same hormone treatment four or five times to have a baby with a 50% chance of success. We think that it will not be necessary to repeat our treatment because we have a lot of proof of concept in animals. We have shown we can get better gametogenesis with better quality of ovulation than other methods.
Q: You reported Phase I results in December 2025. Were you happy with the findings?
Maurel: Yes, it was totally successful. We got very nice results. No adverse events, and we have some first efficacy results, so we can start Phase II trials, but we need to raise money first.
The trial results have helped to interest investors, and we are now in contact with several funds. If the fundraising is successful, we hope to be able to start Phase II trials soon.
Q: You mentioned that IGX12, if approved, would be the first such treatment for men with common fertility issues like oligozoospermia. Why have more treatments not been developed for men before?
Maurel: The problem of male infertility was not considered for a long, long time, perhaps because of cultural issues. Now there is a huge problem with infertility in men because sperm counts are decreasing. Numbers decreased from around 100 million per mL to 50 million per mL between 1973 and 2018. So this treatment is very necessary!
Q: Do you think that if your treatment is successful, it could make IVF more accessible?
Maurel: Yes, I think that it would allow a reduction in both time and economic cost, because as I said previously, the treatment will be more efficient, so no need to repeat it. We developed the concept that the antibody could act on the endogenous FSH. So, using our approach, it would not be necessary for women to inject FSH, because the antibody is able to boost the woman’s own FSH. In the animal health domain, we use the antibody only. We never inject endogenous hormones, so it’s very clean. In humans we will also only inject the antibody. We never inject FSH. So it’s a single injection per month. If we succeed, it’s a very big market and a very nice treatment for a lot of people.
Q: Could IGX12 make fertility treatment more targeted for specific people or certain population groups?
Maurel: Yes, for example, men with oligozoospermia. That means the sperm count is too low for natural conception. If it’s a very low level, it’s not even possible to do IVF. So we will target this category of men. In women, we will target those who don’t have a good predicted result with IVF, for example, if they have a low follicular count. So we plan to target these two populations, which have few chances to succeed at having children with current treatments.
Q: What are your future plans for Igyxos and ReproPharm Vet?
Maurel: For Igyxos, the current priority is to raise funds to start Phase II clinical trials, both in men and women. For ReproPharm Vet, the objective is to conclude an ongoing collaboration with a big veterinary and pharma partner.
Helen Albert is senior editor at Inside Precision Medicine and a freelance science journalist. Prior to going freelance, she was editor-in-chief at Labiotech, an English-language, digital publication based in Berlin focusing on the European biotech industry. Before moving to Germany, she worked at a range of different science and health-focused publications in London. She was editor of The Biochemist magazine and blog, but also worked as a senior reporter at Springer Nature’s medwireNews for a number of years, as well as freelancing for various international publications. She has written for New Scientist, Chemistry World, Biodesigned, The BMJ, Forbes, Science Business, Cosmos magazine, and GEN. Helen has academic degrees in genetics and anthropology, and also spent some time early in her career working at the Sanger Institute in Cambridge before deciding to move into journalism.
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