Background: Digital meditation-based interventions (MBIs) reach vast global audiences with millions of active users, yet concerns persist about the frequency and nature of adverse experiences (ie, AExs) occurring during meditation training. Some researchers have argued that AExs are substantially underdetected and reflect iatrogenic harm caused by meditation (ie, adverse effects [AEfs]). Others contend that these experiences largely reflect common stressors that would be experienced without meditation. These competing perspectives underscore the need for further research, particularly in the context of digital MBIs, the most widely used form of meditation training. Objective: This study examined the prevalence, predictors, and subjective evaluations of AExs during a digital MBI and tested whether reported experiences may be caused by meditation practice via comparisons between meditation-exposed and nonexposed participants. Methods: Data were drawn from 2 trials of the Healthy Minds Program. Exploratory study 1 (n=315) consisted of a sample of distressed US undergraduate students to estimate the prevalence of AExs and identify baseline predictors. Preregistered confirmatory study 2 (n=594) sampled distressed US adults from all 50 states to replicate findings from study 1 and to examine participants’ subjective evaluations of AExs. Study 2 additionally compared AEx rates between participants who did and did not complete guided meditations to assess whether AExs could be caused by meditation exposure. Study 3 (n=87) used qualitative methods to analyze study 1 participants’ responses to an open-ended question regarding their strategies for coping with AExs. Results: In studies 1 and 2, 27.9% (88/315) and 10.1% (40/396) of participants, respectively, reported at least one AEx during the study period, with 6.7% (21/315) and 3% (12/396) reporting functional impairment, largely aligning with previous research. Critically, in study 2, rates of AExs did not significantly differ between participants who did and did not complete guided meditations, suggesting that these experiences were not caused by meditation practice. Higher baseline depression, anxiety, loneliness, experiential avoidance, and perceived barriers to meditation predicted more frequent AExs. In studies 1 and 2, 89.8% (79/88) and 90% (36/40) of participants who reported AExs, respectively, indicated that they were glad to have learned to meditate. Qualitative analyses showed that participants used diverse coping strategies, often using skills learned through the Healthy Minds Program. Conclusions: AExs were relatively common but occurred at comparable rates among participants who did and did not meditate, challenging claims that such experiences were caused by meditation practice in distressed individuals. Although a small subset of participants reported some degree of functional impairment, most evaluated their AExs as tolerable and described their overall MBI experience as positive. Together, these findings highlight the importance of distinguishing AExs that likely reflect epiphenomena of preexisting distress or symptoms from iatrogenic harm attributable to MBIs. Trial Registration: Study 1: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04741529; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04741529; Study 2: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06282523; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06282523
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Examining the Social and Mental Health Benefits of Virtual and In-Person Physical Activity Intervention Among Postsecondary Students: Quasi-Experimental Study
Background: Physical activity (PA) is a promising prevention approach for supporting mental health and enhancing social inclusion among postsecondary students. However, it is unclear whether similar outcomes are realized when PA programming is delivered in-person versus virtually. Objective: Using data from a multiphase research project, the purpose of the study was to examine the influence of on-campus PA programming (virtual and in-person delivery) on mental ill health symptoms (ie, anxiety and depression), social inclusion indices (ie, social connectedness, emotional ties, and social relationship quality), and well-being. Three objectives were addressed: (1) to assess pre-post change in symptoms, social inclusion indices, and well-being for virtual and in-person delivery; (2) to evaluate whether outcome change over time differed by delivery mode; and (3) to examine whether change in symptoms and social inclusion indices predicted change in well-being for both delivery modes. Methods: Physically inactive postsecondary students experiencing mental ill health participated in a 6-week structured and supervised PA program. Pre-post intervention data were collected across 3 phases, and the analytical samples included: 1. In-person delivery (n=87; 82%, 69/84 young adults; 86%, 74/86 women; 38%, 33/86 White; 20%, 17/86 Chinese; 86%, 75/87 with mental illness; 2. Virtual delivery (n=62; 69%, 42/61 young adults; 95%, 59/62 women; 34%, 21/62 White; 21%, 13/62 South Asian; 55%, 34/62 with mental illness), and 3. Data from students who received in-person or virtual delivery: (n=92; 67%, 61/91 young adults; 90%, 83/92 women; 32%, 29/92 White; 20%, 18/92 South Asian; 59%, 54/92 with mental illness). Data were analyzed using 2-tailed paired samples tests to address objective 1, a 2 (delivery mode) × 2 (time: pre-post) repeated-measures ANOVA to address objective 2, and hierarchical regression analyses to address objective 3. Results: Both virtual and in-person PA delivery were effective for symptom reduction and social inclusion improvements across all outcomes (<.001), with moderate-to-large effects. There was no significant time × delivery mode (=0.72, ²=0.04, =.60) interaction effect. Change in social inclusion indices explained unique variance in well-being, beyond covariates (gender, mental illness, and ethno-racial identity), and symptom reduction for virtual ( = 0.75, 008001) and in-person ( = 0.72, =0.16, <.001) PA delivery. Conclusions: Online distance learning is increasing across postsecondary settings worldwide, underscoring the need for accessible, technology-enabled mental health prevention interventions. The results provide support for the effectiveness of virtual and in-person PA programming for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, while also enhancing social inclusion indices and overall well-being. Social inclusion indices were also a key contributor to improved well-being, emphasizing the relevance of social factors in both virtual and in-person PA-based mental health prevention strategies for postsecondary students.
Association between plasma proBDNF levels and cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence: a case–control and longitudinal study
BackgroundAlcohol dependence is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity, while the precursor form, proBDNF, has been increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. However, the association between plasma proBDNF levels and cognitive impairment in alcohol dependence remains unclear.MethodsEighty male patients with alcohol dependence and forty-two matched healthy controls were enrolled. Plasma proBDNF levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). Forty-one patients were reassessed after four weeks of abstinence. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed.ResultsPatients with alcohol dependence exhibited significantly elevated plasma proBDNF levels and impaired cognitive performance compared with controls. Plasma proBDNF levels were positively correlated with alcohol consumption severity, and linked to global cognitive deficits alongside nuanced executive performance variations. After four weeks of abstinence, plasma proBDNF levels decreased and cognitive performance improved; however, changes in proBDNF were weakly associated with cognitive recovery.ConclusionsElevated plasma proBDNF levels are associated with alcohol dependence severity and cognitive impairment, suggesting that proBDNF may serve as a peripheral biomarker reflecting the dynamic neurocognitive status in alcohol dependence.
<![CDATA[Phase 2 depression trial shows ALTO-203 boosts attention, EEG theta-beta ratio and alertness, pointing to biomarker-guided dosing and precision psychiatry.]]>
<![CDATA[Explore 2026’s fast-moving psych med pipeline: new Alzheimer agitation option, potential novel ADHD therapy, and promising psilocybin for depression.]]>
Psychological Empowerment Program in Preventing Postpartum Depression Among Pregnant Women
Conditions: Postpartum Depression
Interventions: Behavioral: Psychological Empowerment Program
Sponsors: Miranie Safaringga
Active, not recruiting
Interventions: Behavioral: Psychological Empowerment Program
Sponsors: Miranie Safaringga
Active, not recruiting
Recommendations for Research and Clinical Implementation of Ambulatory Assessment, Mood Monitoring, Digital Phenotyping, and Remote Measurement Technology in Mood Disorders: Synthesis of Systematic Review Findings
Background: Ambulatory assessment and active and passive monitoring all offer a real-time, flexible approach to assessing mood and behavior in mood disorders. Despite their potential, concerns remain regarding the performance, usability, adherence, and potential safety of these tools. Objective: This study synthesizes the findings from 7 systematic reviews, integrating quantitative and qualitative data from randomized trials, observational studies, and user experience research to evaluate the performance, feasibility, acceptability, and clinical impact of ambulatory assessment and mood monitoring in people with depression and bipolar disorder. We assessed studies over the medium or long term (3 months or more). Methods: A summary of a series of systematic reviews was carried out by the authors—including meta-analyses (for quantitative data) and meta-syntheses (for qualitative data). Eight electronic databases were searched, and mixed methods studies were included. Studies were assessed for risk of bias. The results were checked for coherence, and recommendations were made by individuals with lived experience, methodologists, and psychiatrists. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was used to assess the quality and strength of the evidence. Results: The 111 included studies included 19,945 participants and used 69 different ambulatory assessment protocols or mood-monitoring interventions. Key barriers to implementation were identified, including performance inconsistency, adverse effects, and user disengagement. Evidence-based recommendations are provided to guide future clinical and research applications. Conclusions: Ambulatory assessment and mood monitoring hold promise in research and clinical practice, yet their implementation requires more rigorous evaluation, greater personalization, and responsible, user-centered design. Crucially, these measures can add granularity and confirmation, but additional context is often required, and none of these measures are robust enough yet to replace current outcomes.
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<![CDATA[See how overlooked birth trauma can mimic postpartum depression.]]>
Psychological inflexibility and resilience in anxiety: insights from machine-learning and robust mediation-based models
IntroductionPsychological inflexibility (PI) has been associated with anxiety symptoms, while resilience serves as a protective factor; however, their roles and interrelationship remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of PI on anxiety-related symptoms while assessing the mediating role of resilience and testing the moderating effect of sex and psychiatric history.MethodsFrom April to July 2021, an online protocol employing self-reported measures assessed PI (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire), resilience dimensions (Resilience Scale for Adults), and anxiety-related symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales). A model generation approach, using machine-learning and robust mediation-based models, was applied to investigate the relationships between these constructs.ResultsIn a sample of 313 adults (72.20% females; 39.29 ± 11.81 years), Random Forest analysis indicated PI and the resilience dimensions perception of self (R-PS) and planned future (R-PF) as the strongest predictors of anxiety-related symptoms. PI showed a positive direct association with GAD, anxiety, and stress (respectively β = 0.28, β = 0.07, β = 0.20, p ≤ 0.001). Significant indirect associations emerged: PI–Stress regarding R-PS (β = 0.08, p = 0.004), PI–Anxiety regarding R-PF (β = 0.03; p = 0.03), PI–GAD (β = 0.08, p = 0.001) and PI–Stress (β = 0.11, p < 0.001) regarding R-PS and R-PF together.DiscussionThese findings highlight the importance of PI and resilience as interconnected processes underlying mental health outcomes. Additionally, they suggest that psychological intervention programs targeting PI, along with resilience, could foster healthier strategies for coping with anxiety-related symptoms.
Neurocognitive function among individuals with problematic social media use
BackgroundWith the development of technology and the internet, social networks gained momentum quickly and play a central role in daily activities. Despite this, there is a public health concern over excessive or problematic social media use. There is also a debate whether excessive social media use should be considered as a behavioral addiction characterized by impulsivity or an impulse control disorder characterized by compulsivity. The goal of this study is to use neurocognitive tasks to investigate impulsivity and compulsivity among excessive social media users compared with non-excessive users.MethodThe study included 79 participants (age range 18 to 37), divided into two groups: 34 participants who excessively use social media (Mean Age = 23.03, SD = 2.71) and 45 participants who do not excessively use social media (Mean Age = 25.47, SD = 4.3). Participants filled out a demographic questionnaire, questionnaires on social media use, impulsivity, compulsivity, anxiety, and depression. They performed computerized cognitive tasks: GO/NO-GO (with Facebook and traffic sign pictures), Experimental Delay Discounting (EDT), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).ResultsExcessive users of social media exhibited a lower ability to delay gratification on the EDT, indicating impulsivity. They made fewer non-perseverative errors on the WCST, which indicated high flexibility and test shifting, which is a contradicting evidence for compulsivity. Furthermore, on the GO/NO-GO task, individuals who excessively use social media made more omission errors in response to the “Facebook” sign compared to traffic signs (GO condition), indicating impaired selective attention. Finally, they also showed higher subjective ratings of anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and compulsivity.DiscussionThe results of this study provide evidence for impulsivity indicated by delay discounting tendency, which supports the behavioral addiction model, impaired selection attention and lack of evidence for compulsivity in excessive social media users. Further research on neurocognitive function in excessive social media users is required in order to determine whether it should be considered a behavioral addiction or an impulse control disorder.