Background: Dysarthria is a frequent motor speech disorder following a stroke, affecting up to 42% of survivors and resulting in reduced speech intelligibility and diminished quality of life. Clinical assessments, such as the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, Second Edition (FDA-2), rely heavily on the subjective judgment of speech-language pathologists (SLPs), which limits comparability and scalability. Telepractice solutions have the potential to extend access to care, but validated digital tools that combine automatic analysis with clinically usable interfaces remain scarce. Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a web-based application that integrates automatic speech recognition (ASR) and acoustic analysis into a user-centered dashboard for SLPs. Specifically, we investigated: (1) whether ASR can provide intelligibility scores comparable to those of human listeners; (2) the usability of the system in 2 iterative cycles with SLPs; and (3) the feasibility of presenting clinically relevant acoustic features to support telerehabilitation. Methods: A user-centered design process was followed, involving contextual inquiry, requirements gathering, prototype development, and iterative testing with SLPs. The analytical core of the prototype included an ASR module (Whisper Large-v3) to compute intelligibility scores, combining word error rate–based accuracy with sentence-level and word-level alignment. Phoneme-level error highlighting was implemented to identify frequent substitution or deletion patterns. In parallel, an acoustic module extracted clinically relevant measures, including fundamental frequency (mean and range), intensity (mean and variability), and vowel formants (F1–F2 space), supplemented by sustained phonation duration. A pilot validation compared ASR-based intelligibility scores with transcriptions from 8 lay listeners for 3 patients with dysarthria performing the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment–2 word and sentence tasks. Usability was evaluated in 2 cycles with 8 and 4 SLPs, respectively, using the System Usability Scale and structured questionnaires. Results: In the pilot validation, ASR performance was comparable to, and in some cases better than, untrained human listeners for individuals with mild and moderate dysarthria, though performance declined with severe cases. Both usability cycles yielded excellent System Usability Scale scores (cycle 1: mean 88.4, SD 4.6; cycle 2: mean 91.7, SD 4.1). Core workflow elements, including navigation, session upload, and intelligibility score presentation, were consistently rated highly. Feedback evolved from bug reports and requests for clearer terminology in cycle 1 to suggestions for advanced analytic features in cycle 2, such as additional voice-quality indices and integrated note-taking. Conclusions: The prototype demonstrates that automatic intelligibility scoring and acoustic analysis can be integrated into a clinically usable, web-based dashboard. While current limitations include reliance on English-only phoneme analysis, limited advanced acoustic features, and lack of regulatory compliance, the application achieved excellent usability and shows promise for scalable telerehabilitation. Future work should expand multilingual support, incorporate additional acoustic measures, and validate the tool in larger clinical cohorts.
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A device that revives eyeballs from dead donors could make eye transplants possible
It’s not easy to transplant a whole human eye. The surgery is difficult. And the eyes themselves start to degenerate as soon as they’ve left the body. When surgeons attempted it a few years ago, the newly-transplanted eye wasn’t able to see.
But researchers believe they might have a solution: a device that maintains and revives freshly removed eyeballs using a technique called perfusion. Perfusion works by providing surgically-removed organs with some of the oxygen and nutrients they typically get when they’re inside a body. Treated eyes don’t degrade as quickly, and appear to retain the ability to transmit electrical signals, and potentially see. The device could one day make eye transplantations a viable possibility.
“It’s really cool,” says Shannon Tessier at Massachusetts General Hospital, who was not involved in the research but studies perfusion of other organs. “It could be a new frontier for retina preservation.”
Pia Cosma at the Centre for Genomic Regulation at the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology in Spain and her colleagues have spent years developing their device. The Eye-in-a-Care-Box (ECaBox), as they call it, delivers an oxygen-rich supply of fluid through the artery that normally supplies the eye with blood.
The eye itself sits on a “bed,” and excess fluids are drained away. And while the device itself is sealed to maintain a specific temperature and pressure, a clear window on its side allows researchers to study and image the eye while it’s inside.
Cosma and her colleagues started experimenting with pig eyes, which are anatomically similar to human eyes but easier to get hold of (the team got theirs from a local slaughterhouse).
Pig eyes that are kept at room temperature outside of the device start to degenerate pretty quickly. The team found that cells in the eye shrank, and the eyes started to lose their structure. Cooling the organs didn’t help preserve them, either—the eyes degenerated within 24 hours even when they were kept at 4°C (39°F).
But eyes kept in the EcABox fared much better. 24 hours later, tests suggested the prefused eyes were “significantly more viable” than eyes that hadn’t been maintained in the device.
The perfused eyes also seemed to be able to respond to light, suggesting they might technically be able to see if they were transplanted. Untreated pig eyes lost this ability as soon as they were removed from the animal. But it came back after about 15 minutes of perfusion, according to the scientists behind the work. A few of the treated eyes kept going for 10 hours or more.
Cosma and her colleagues described the work in a preprint article that has not yet been peer reviewed, and did not want to comment on the work.
After success with the pig eyes, the team members then tested their device on human eyes. They first collected 12 eyes from six people who had died. In each case, one of each pair of eyes was put in the device, while the other was not. Again, the perfused eyes did better—and their retinas were preserved.
Cosma and her colleagues hope that their device could offer scientists a new way to study eye treatments—one that doesn’t involve experimenting on living animals. They also hope that, with some improvements, the ECaBox might provide a way to maintain and revive donated human eyes for whole-eye transplantation.
Whole-eye transplants have been attempted in the past, mostly in research animals, with limited success. In May 2023, a team at NYU Langone transplanted an eye along with part of a face to a man who had survived a high-voltage electrical accident that resulted in the loss of much of the left side of his face, including his left eye, two years earlier. Although the man recovered well, he wasn’t able to see out of the transplanted eye.
We won’t know whether eyes treated in the ECaBox could do any better until they have been transplanted, says Tessier.
In the meantime, Cosma and her colleagues plan to use a newer version of their device to collect more human eyes for research. “We are planning to develop a portable, surgery-room ECaBox to minimize [degradation] in heart-beating donor eyes, when they become available,” they write.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to AI in Learning and Research Among Medical Students in Vietnam: Cross-Sectional Study
Background: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in a promising era in medicine, particularly in medical education. However, studies assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to AI among medical students in Vietnam remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate AI knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Vietnamese medical students in learning and research, and to identify factors associated with their AI practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy from November to December 2025. Data were collected using an online structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics and AI knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The main outcome of interest was AI practices in learning and research. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression were used to examine associated factors. Regression coefficients (β), 95% CIs, and values are reported. Results: A total of 1002 medical students (mean age 21.00, IQR 19.00-23.00 years; n=596, 59.5% female) were included. The median percentage of maximum possible (POMP) score of AI knowledge was 66.67 (IQR 33.33‐83.33), with a high level of familiarity with common tools (n=798, 79.6%). AI attitudes were generally positive (median POMP score 70.00, IQR 53.33‐76.67). AI-related practices were lower (median POMP score 50.00, IQR 46.88-71.88), with AI being used primarily for information retrieval and literature research support. In the multivariable analysis, knowledge POMP score (β=0.12, 95% CI 0.08-0.16) and attitudes POMP score (β=0.42, 95% CI 0.34-0.51) were significantly associated with AI practices POMP score (<.001). Age, gender, major, grade point average classification, and having participated in an AI seminar or training were not associated with AI practices. Conclusions: Medical students showed favorable knowledge and positive attitudes, but their AI practices remained limited. Integrating AI into medical curricula, including fundamentals, applications, and ethical aspects, is essential to prepare future physicians for AI-driven health care.
<![CDATA[Explore psychiatry’s roots, breakthroughs, and ethical issues—from Rush to DSM debates—and why AI and psychedelics could reshape care.]]>
<![CDATA[ASCP panel offers deprescribing guidance to curb psychiatric overprescribing, simplify polypharmacy, and improve outcomes with tapering and]]>
Pathology transformation could unlock £450m a year for the NHS
Completing the NHS’s pathology transformation programme could unlock around £450m a year for the health service, a review has found.
The Download: a smoking “endgame” and a new Elizabeth Bear story
This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.
The UK’s generational tobacco ban might not work. I’m supporting it anyway.
—Jessica Hamzelou
As the parent of two little girls, I often think about how their childhood is different from mine. The seven-year-old is learning about AI at school. The five-year-old is given internet-based homework every week. And they are both absolutely repulsed by the idea of smoking.
That was not the prevailing sentiment when I was young. Smoking was a central part of our culture. Which is why the UK’s recent passing of a generational sales ban on tobacco products feels like such a big deal.
This is what’s described as an “endgame” approach. While many tobacco control strategies—such as taxation or gory imagery—aim to reduce consumption, policies like the UK’s are designed to eliminate it entirely. It’s a new approach, and no one knows whether it will work. But it’s an enticing prospect—and it’s starting to look a lot less radical.
Find out why generational tobacco bans are gaining support.
This story is from The Checkup, our weekly biotech newsletter. Sign up to receive it in your inbox every Thursday.
You do your own time
—You do your own time is a short story by Elizabeth Bear, an award-winning speculative fiction author.
There we were, a regular murderers’ row of librarians. Turning around in the nave of our library to greet the sound of footsteps, pistols leveled in case whoever was coming in didn’t respect sanctuary.
I pulled down a solid-state drive full of biographies and case studies of people who had spent time—and sometimes their whole lives—in labor camps or chattelhood. It was illegal to possess, and the feds used smart agents to track down and obliterate any copies. Which was why we were sending one to the stars.
What’s left behind when a name is erased from the system? No legacy, no memory—that is the point of media and narrative control. So that was our plan: to preserve it, for later generations, or just as a silent record of our existence.
Read the rest of this short story in full.
—Elizabeth Bear
This story is from the latest edition of our magazine, which is all about engineering. Subscribe now to get a copy, plus all our other issues and a range of subscriber-only content.
The must-reads
I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.
1 An EU lawmaker investigating spyware was hacked by that spyware
Citizen Lab found Pegasus spyware on Stelios Kouloglou’s phone. (Wired $)
+ It said the EU “looks the other way” on spyware abuses. (Guardian)
+ Meet the director of Citizen Lab. (MIT Technology Review)
2 Anthropic is closing loopholes that allow Chinese access to Claude
It’s targeting VPNs, relay services, and overseas accounts. (FT $)
+ Users in China keep finding new workarounds. (Wired $)
3 A Tesla driver has been charged with manslaughter after a fatal crash
Court records show he was using automated driver-assistance. (WSJ $)
+ Tesla sales have surged 25% after a rebound in Europe. (NYT $)
4 Trump bought lots of tech stock the day he unveiled his AI Action Plan
He acquired up to $5 million in stock from Amazon and others. (Engadget)
+ His AI Action Plan was a distraction. (MIT Technology Review)
5 Companies are throttling employees’ AI use because it’s too expensive
They’re pleading with workers to use less powerful models. (404 Media)
+ Tesla has capped their AI spending at $200 per week. (The Information $)
6 The Energy Dept wants data centers on backup power in heat waves
It wants them to free up power for AC. (NYT $)
+ People near data centers are dreading heat wave pollution. (Politico $)
+ No one wants a data center in their backyard. (MIT Technology Review)
7 A Meta glasses feature just went from free to a subscription service
“Conversation Focus” will now cost $19.99 per month. (BBC)
+ The move heralds a new era of consumer tech subscriptions. (Wired $)
8 Random wobbles in time could solve gravity’s greatest mystery
A new idea could reconcile gravity and quantum mechanics. (New Scientist $)
9 Peter Thiel claims the pope is “working for the Chinese Communists”
By pushing for stricter AI rules that may benefit Chinese interests. (CNN)
+ Pope Leo XIV said AI must be “disarmed” in his first major teaching. (BBC)
+ His encyclical offered a template for steering AI. (MIT Technology Review)
10 Supersonic flight over land could finally be legal again
Regulators want to lift a ban—so long as the planes are quiet. (Ars Technica)
Quote of the day
“We don’t have robots that are nearly as good at understanding the physical world as a rat.”
—Yann LeCun, the founder of AMI Labs and Meta’s former chief AI scientist, tells the BBC that AI isn’t as smart as many think.
One More Thing
MARCO GIANNAVOLA
How two brothers became go-to experts on America’s “mystery drone” invasion
On a Friday evening in December, every tier of US law enforcement was dispatched to a military research installation outside Boston after a squadron of 15 to 20 drones was spotted violating restricted airspace. The culprits could not be found.
It was the latest in a series of purported drone sightings along the US East Coast. Lacking coordination or clarity from the White House, the Pentagon, and the intelligence community, law enforcement officers turned to an unlikely source: twin brothers from Long Island who hunt UFOs.
The Tedescos have built a mobile field lab to investigate unexplained aerial phenomena. Now members of the FBI want their support.
Discover how the brothers are helping law enforcement investigate UFOs.
—Matthew Phelan
We can still have nice things
A place for comfort, fun, and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.)
+ This record-breaking drone show is a mind-bending display of aerial light.
+ A Paris bakery is taking a bite out of food waste by repurposing croissants.
+ Relive your childhood with a classic episode from the Mister Rogers archive.
+ See graffiti through new eyes with this project that prettifies tags and makes them legible.
High-altitude hypoxic cues and cerebral ischemic tolerance: an evidence-graded translational framework for stroke research
High altitude exposes the brain to heterogeneous hypoxic, hemodynamic, rheological, inflammatory, and healthcare-access conditions. This heterogeneity makes altitude biologically informative for stroke research, but it does not justify treating natural altitude exposure as a single protective or harmful state. In this structured narrative review, we searched and organized the literature to ask which altitude-associated hypoxic cues resemble or reveal mechanisms compatible with cerebral ischemic tolerance, and what level of evidence supports that claim. We separate long-term adaptation, short-term acclimatization, chronic or excessive environmental hypoxia, and experimental hypoxic conditioning; define direct, supportive, and indirect evidence tiers; and integrate neurovascular-unit biology with multi-omics and stroke pathophysiology. Experimental hypoxic preconditioning remains the clearest direct evidence that a defined sublethal hypoxic stimulus can induce a time-limited tolerant state. In contrast, human high-altitude epidemiology, physiology, and genetics mainly constrain the clinical context and nominate candidate pathways rather than prove stroke-specific protection. We also emphasize that chronic hypoxia can be maladaptive through endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, erythrocytosis, thrombogenicity, blood–brain barrier impairment, and microvascular injury. Across neurovascular-unit cell types, a transparent evidence-weighting framework prioritizes endothelial biology because of its direct connection to BBB stability, effective reperfusion, hemorrhagic transformation risk, and no-reflow, while neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, and pericytes require different degrees of causal and human validation. We argue that the most productive path forward is not to label altitude as protective, but to use altitude-related biology to prioritize testable, stroke-facing hypotheses regarding BBB stability, microvascular patency, metabolic support, inflammatory thresholds, white-matter resilience, and biomarker-defined conditioning windows.
Oscillatory dynamics as the coordination layer of the organism: waves, Markov blankets, and the virtual space of cognition
Neural oscillations are not a mechanism that implements cognition. We present a new theoretical framework through a synthesis of relevant literature that has emerged in recent years: metabolic activity in the body, including but not limited to neural tissue, gives rise to an oscillatory pattern that contains information accessible to individual cells. The resulting dynamical structure allows cognitive activity to map the body in fine detail, to perceive its surroundings, or to extend into representations of objects and possibilities never encountered in the world. This array of possibilities is enabled by the coordination of the body’s components, which imposes invariant structural regularities among them, in turn creating a moment-to-moment series of states shared across a distributed network of cells. Metabolic success involves ensuring adequate access to nutrition and waste removal for every cell and, when achieved, can give rise to a series of leaps manifested as increased access to complex higher-order affordances. The body’s metabolic activity yields observable coordination; however, the mental actions themselves are inscrutable, existing only within a virtual space that unfolds in the interplay of the constituents of a particular body. Access to advanced functions is categorical; this virtual space expands during development and contracts in response to reduced metabolic sufficiency. Markov blankets formalize this asymmetry: brain-scanning technology clarifies the substrate, but no amount of information about the substrate provides direct access to cognitive activity. Frequency bands of oscillation correspond to spatial scales of inter-blanket communication, with cross-frequency coupling carrying information up and down the nested hierarchy. Several clinical conditions—ME/CFS, Long Coronavirus Disease (COVID), cancer-related cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and age-related decline—share a common upstream mechanism within this framework: cellular damage degrades the substrate, which contracts the space of accessible cognitive operations and produces the categorical incapacity patients report. The framework generates a testable prediction: aperiodic spectral flattening should temporally precede the loss of specific oscillatory peaks as the substrate degrades.
Focal volume, steering, and aberration correction in transcranial focused ultrasound: reconsidering the tradeoffs between single-element transducers, phased arrays, and acoustic holograms
Transducer architecture is an increasingly important design consideration in transcranial focused ultrasound, where focal precision, electronic steering, skull-aberration correction, workflow complexity, and cost must be balanced. Under matched aperture, transmit frequency, focal depth, effective source geometry, and equivalent aberration correction, subdividing an aperture into multiple independently driven elements does not by itself reduce the diffraction-limited focal volume. Phased arrays provide important capabilities that single-element transducers generally lack, including electronic steering, dynamic phase correction, and flexible control of energy deposition. These capabilities can improve the realized intracranial field, particularly when skull-induced aberrations would otherwise broaden, shift, or split the focus. Single-element systems may also be extended through patient-specific acoustic holograms or lenses, which impose spatially varying phase delays to compensate for aberrations, steer the focus, or shape the pressure field. These approaches may reduce system complexity but are typically static and less adaptable than phased arrays. We therefore frame transducer selection as an application-driven design-matching problem: the relevant question is not which architecture is inherently “more focused” under matched conditions, but which best meets a study’s requirements for steering, skull-aberration correction, temporal reconfigurability, spatial degrees of freedom, workflow burden, cost, positioning robustness, and safety.