Radically different
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Nature Medicine, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04489-1
Two studies show that adaptive neuromodulation can improve Parkinsonian gait by matching stimulation to the right circuit at the right moment, pointing toward strategies that decompose complex symptoms into targetable spatial and temporal components.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04505-4
As part of a clinical trial, re-administration of AAV gene therapy in four patients with congenital deafness, who had previously received a first gene therapy dose and developed neutralizing antibodies, was safe and led to further hearing improvements.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04486-4
A multimodal platform combining immersive virtual reality with a synchronous sensory neurostimulation protocol outperformed conventional rehabilitation in individuals with chronic stroke, driving upper-limb motor gains, restored body representation and improved tactile acuity while enabling objective kinematic tracking of recovery.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04503-6
A pragmatic cluster-randomized trial found that ChatGPT-4o-assisted decision support in Kenyan primary care facilities did not significantly reduce 14-day treatment failure over usual care.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04487-3
In an open-label extension study of the NI006-101 trial, in which patients with transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy were treated with the monoclonal antibody cliramitug, which targets misfolded transthyretin, long-term follow-up for a median of 29.3 months showed favorable safety, further reduction in cardiac amyloid burden and improvements in structural, functional and biomarker endpoints.
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02264-6
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) drives microglial senescence and disrupts essential glia–neuron communication. By triggering lipid droplet accumulation and dysregulating the S-adenosylmethionine–polyamine axis, UPRmt fuels the senescence-associated secretory pathway, impairs synaptic pruning and accelerates misfolded protein pathology. In this issue of Nature Neuroscience, Perez et al. identify UPRmt as a primary driver of metabolic vulnerability in human microglia.
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02331-y
Pascoli et al. show that nucleus accumbens dopamine transients evoked by reward-predictive cues encode subjective reward value in mice, predicting individual preference for drugs over natural rewards and forecasting vulnerability to compulsive drug-seeking behavior.
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02342-9
D’Ambrogio et al. combine deep learning and symbolic regression to report an interpretable equation of how humans value information. The equation predicts choices and neural activity in anterior insula, cingulate cortex and midbrain nuclei.
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02320-1
Mitochondrial proteotoxic stress rewires methionine and lipid metabolism in human microglia, driving cellular senescence and disrupting neuronal–glial communication, revealing a mechanism linking mitochondrial dysfunction to brain aging and neurodegeneration.
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02353-6
Amygdalar acetylcholine signals dynamically represent salience. Chen et al. show that striatal D1 and D2 neurons oppositely control these signals via basal forebrain cholinergic pathways to shape salience-associated learning.